See परुष on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for परुष meaning in All languages combined (28.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "परुष"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "پرش",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ind": "1",
"ur": "پرش"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پرش)",
"name": "hi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"uneven"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-JXE93HXu",
"links": [
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"piercing (e.g. wind)"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-ZOOT-No4",
"links": [
[
"piercing",
"piercing"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 8 8 37 11 2 31 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 8 8 37 11 2 31 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruel"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-tMoy17Db",
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"severe"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-O7YdsbwD",
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 8 8 37 11 2 31 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-FSOX45y9",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gross"
],
"id": "en-परुष-hi-adj-aRRAE5j2",
"links": [
[
"gross",
"gross"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*parHušás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pelHu-só-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelHu-só-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀",
"t": "gray (of hair)"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (poᵘruša, “gray (of hair)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پیر",
"t": "old",
"tr": "pir"
},
"expansion": "Persian پیر (pir, “old”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pallidus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pallidus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελιτνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ալիք",
"3": "",
"4": "wave, gray hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás, from Proto-Indo-European *pelHu-só-s, from the root *pelH- (“gray, pale”), related to पलित (palitá, “gray, hoary”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (poᵘruša, “gray (of hair)”), Persian پیر (pir, “old”), Latin pallidus, Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós), Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषः",
"roman": "paruṣáḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "paruṣā́ḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "paruṣā́saḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "páruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "páruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "páruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "páruṣāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "páruṣāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषान्",
"roman": "paruṣā́n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣéṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaíḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣébhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣā́ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣéṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ī-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी",
"roman": "páruṣṇī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यौ",
"roman": "páruṣṇyau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी1",
"roman": "páruṣṇī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीः1",
"roman": "páruṣṇīḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णि",
"roman": "páruṣṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यौ",
"roman": "páruṣṇyau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी1",
"roman": "páruṣṇī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीः1",
"roman": "páruṣṇīḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇīm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यौ",
"roman": "páruṣṇyau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी1",
"roman": "páruṣṇī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीः",
"roman": "páruṣṇīḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्या",
"roman": "páruṣṇyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभिः",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यै",
"roman": "páruṣṇyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्याः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यै2",
"roman": "páruṣṇyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्याः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यै2",
"roman": "páruṣṇyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्योः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीनाम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇīnām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्योः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीषु",
"roman": "páruṣṇīṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "páruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "páruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "páruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "páruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣéṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaíḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣébhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣā́ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣéṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "paruṣá"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣá) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "paruṣá",
"2": "páruṣṇī",
"3": "paruṣá"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paruṣá",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "páruṣṇī",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paruṣá",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 22 28 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "From whom a hundred oxen, all of speckled hue, delight my heart...",
"ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.27.5",
"roman": "yasya mā paruṣāḥ śatamuddharṣayantyukṣaṇaḥ.",
"text": "यस्य मा परुषाः शतमुद्धर्षयन्त्युक्षणः।"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spotted, variegated, dirty-colored"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-adj-SegD4JvH",
"links": [
[
"spotted",
"spotted"
],
[
"variegated",
"variegated"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"colored",
"colored"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 22 28 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 14 36 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knotty, rough, hard, stiff, rugged, rough, uneven, shaggy"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-adj-jPJy9LeC",
"links": [
[
"knotty",
"knotty"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 22 28 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 14 36 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intertwined with creepers (as a tree)"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-adj-YWxchZ9l",
"links": [
[
"intertwined",
"intertwined"
],
[
"creepers",
"creepers"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 22 28 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 14 36 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-adj-YzHlWvt1",
"links": [
[
"piercing",
"piercing"
],
[
"keen",
"keen"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"unkind",
"unkind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See परूषक (parūṣaka, “phalsa tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषः",
"roman": "paruṣaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "paruṣāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "paruṣāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "paruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "paruṣāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "paruṣāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषान्",
"roman": "paruṣān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣeṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣāṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a reed"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-noun-gBstzJD2",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an arrow"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-noun-0bhsY45P",
"links": [
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 8 9 8 1 57 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 15 18 7 1 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"phalsa (Grewia asiatica) or cannonball mangrove (Xylocarpus Granatum)"
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-noun-piafJ4JP",
"links": [
[
"phalsa",
"phalsa"
],
[
"cannonball mangrove",
"cannonball mangrove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See परूषक (parūṣaka, “phalsa tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "paruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣeṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣāṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣa) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, etc."
],
"id": "en-परुष-sa-noun-Goa91vVU",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"contumelious",
"contumelious"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hindi adjectives",
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi indeclinable adjectives",
"Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit",
"Hindi lemmas",
"Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "परुष"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "پرش",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ind": "1",
"ur": "پرش"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پرش)",
"name": "hi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"uneven"
],
"links": [
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"piercing (e.g. wind)"
],
"links": [
[
"piercing",
"piercing"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cruel"
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"severe"
],
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coarse"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gross"
],
"links": [
[
"gross",
"gross"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*parHušás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pelHu-só-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelHu-só-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀",
"t": "gray (of hair)"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (poᵘruša, “gray (of hair)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پیر",
"t": "old",
"tr": "pir"
},
"expansion": "Persian پیر (pir, “old”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pallidus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pallidus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελιτνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ալիք",
"3": "",
"4": "wave, gray hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás, from Proto-Indo-European *pelHu-só-s, from the root *pelH- (“gray, pale”), related to पलित (palitá, “gray, hoary”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (poᵘruša, “gray (of hair)”), Persian پیر (pir, “old”), Latin pallidus, Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós), Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषः",
"roman": "paruṣáḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "paruṣā́ḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "paruṣā́saḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "páruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "páruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "páruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "páruṣāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "páruṣāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषान्",
"roman": "paruṣā́n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣéṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaíḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣébhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣā́ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣéṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ī-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी",
"roman": "páruṣṇī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यौ",
"roman": "páruṣṇyau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी1",
"roman": "páruṣṇī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीः1",
"roman": "páruṣṇīḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णि",
"roman": "páruṣṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यौ",
"roman": "páruṣṇyau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी1",
"roman": "páruṣṇī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीः1",
"roman": "páruṣṇīḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇīm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यौ",
"roman": "páruṣṇyau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णी1",
"roman": "páruṣṇī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीः",
"roman": "páruṣṇīḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्या",
"roman": "páruṣṇyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभिः",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यै",
"roman": "páruṣṇyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्याः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यै2",
"roman": "páruṣṇyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीभ्यः",
"roman": "páruṣṇībhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्याः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्यै2",
"roman": "páruṣṇyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्योः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीनाम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇīnām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्याम्",
"roman": "páruṣṇyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्ण्योः",
"roman": "páruṣṇyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष्णीषु",
"roman": "páruṣṇīṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "páruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "páruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "páruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "páruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣéṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaíḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣébhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣā́ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣā́ṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣéṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "paruṣá"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣá) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "paruṣá",
"2": "páruṣṇī",
"3": "paruṣá"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paruṣá",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "páruṣṇī",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paruṣá",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "From whom a hundred oxen, all of speckled hue, delight my heart...",
"ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.27.5",
"roman": "yasya mā paruṣāḥ śatamuddharṣayantyukṣaṇaḥ.",
"text": "यस्य मा परुषाः शतमुद्धर्षयन्त्युक्षणः।"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spotted, variegated, dirty-colored"
],
"links": [
[
"spotted",
"spotted"
],
[
"variegated",
"variegated"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"colored",
"colored"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knotty, rough, hard, stiff, rugged, rough, uneven, shaggy"
],
"links": [
[
"knotty",
"knotty"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intertwined with creepers (as a tree)"
],
"links": [
[
"intertwined",
"intertwined"
],
[
"creepers",
"creepers"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind"
],
"links": [
[
"piercing",
"piercing"
],
[
"keen",
"keen"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"unkind",
"unkind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See परूषक (parūṣaka, “phalsa tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषः",
"roman": "paruṣaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "paruṣāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "paruṣāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "paruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाः",
"roman": "paruṣāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषासः1",
"roman": "paruṣāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषौ",
"roman": "paruṣau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषान्",
"roman": "paruṣān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣeṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣāṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a reed"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an arrow"
],
"links": [
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"phalsa (Grewia asiatica) or cannonball mangrove (Xylocarpus Granatum)"
],
"links": [
[
"phalsa",
"phalsa"
],
[
"cannonball mangrove",
"cannonball mangrove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See परूषक (parūṣaka, “phalsa tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paruṣa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुष",
"roman": "paruṣa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषम्",
"roman": "paruṣam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणि",
"roman": "paruṣāṇi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषा1",
"roman": "paruṣā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेण",
"roman": "paruṣeṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषैः",
"roman": "paruṣaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभिः1",
"roman": "paruṣebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाय",
"roman": "paruṣāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषात्",
"roman": "paruṣāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाभ्याम्",
"roman": "paruṣābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेभ्यः",
"roman": "paruṣebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषस्य",
"roman": "paruṣasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषाणाम्",
"roman": "paruṣāṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषे",
"roman": "paruṣe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषयोः",
"roman": "paruṣayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "परुषेषु",
"roman": "paruṣeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "परुष • (paruṣa) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"contumelious",
"contumelious"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɐ.ɾu.ʂɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "परुष"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"परुष"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "परुष",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"परुष"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "परुष",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"परुष"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "परुष",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"परुष"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "परुष",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"परुष"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "परुष",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.